Health related quality of life among people receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal.
Keywords:
HIV, Quality of Life, NepalAbstract
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the most important outcome measures among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Likewise, improved quality of life (QoL) is one prominent goal of patient treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the QoL of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receiving HAART at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) center of the Bharatpur Hospital in Chitwan, Nepal.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 271 PLWHA receiving HAART at the ART center of Bharatpur Hospital in the Chitwan district in April, 2016. Participants were recruited purposely and interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life HIV- BREF (WHOQOL-HIV-BREF) standard tool. Data was entered to Epi-Info version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 21 for windows. A bivariate analysis was fitted to identify factors associated with QoL.
Result: A total of 271 participants, with a mean age of 36.86 (SD = 9.62), were included in the study. This study found that the majority of participants had moderate general QoL, except for the spiritual domain, which contains information about personal beliefs, forgiveness and blame, and concerns about future, death, and dying. Younger patients, religious minorities, literate patients, unmarried patients, those on ART for more than three years, and those who adhered to ART were associated with good general QoL across all domains.
Conclusion: The participants’ self-reported HRQoL was generally satisfactory except for Spiritual domains. Since HIV is a chronic illness, the spiritual need of patients requires attention, including religious coping or support to find a sense of meaning/support in life, to cope with issues of guilt and shame, and to deal with the grief and bereavement associated with the disease.
References
Panos G, Samonis G, Alexiou VG, Kavarnou GA, Charatsis G, Falagas ME. Mortality and morbidity of HIV infected patients receiving HAART: a cohort study. Curr HIV Res. 2008;6(3):257-60.https://doi.org/10.2174/157016208784324976
Degroote S, Vogelaers D, Vandijck DM. What determines health-related quality of life among people living with HIV: an updated review of the literature. Arch Public Heal. 2014;72(1):1-10.https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-3258-72-40
Cooper V, Clatworthy J, Harding R, Whetham J. Measuring quality of life among people living with HIV: a systematic review of reviews. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0778-6
STEP I. Non communicable diseases risk factors: steps survey Nepal. 2013.
Fatiregun AA, Mofolorunsho KC, Osagbemi KG. Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Kogi State, Nigeria. Benin J Postgrad Med. 2009;11(1).https://doi.org/10.4314/bjpm.v11i1.48823
Nonenoy S, Panza A, Plipat T, Prasithsiriku W, Raksakulkarn P, Muangpaisan K, et al. Health-Related Quality of Life Among Persons Liveng with HIV/AIDS in 3 Hospitals in Thailand. J Heal Res. 2010;24(Suppl. 1):33-40.
Manhas C. Self-esteem and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. J Health Psychol. 2014;19(11):1471-9.https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105313493812
Surur AS, Teni FS, Wale W, Ayalew Y, Tesfaye B. Health related quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy at a university referral hospital in Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):1-8.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2714-1
Pokhrel KN, Sharma VD, Shibanuma A, Pokhrel KG, Mlunde LB, Jimba M. Predicting health-related quality of life in people living with HIV in Nepal: mental health disorders and substance use determinants. AIDS Care. 2017;29(9):1137-43.https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1332331
Rüütel K, Pisarev H, Loit H-M, Uusküla A. Factors influencing quality of life of people living with HIV in Estonia: a cross-sectional survey. J Int AIDS Soc. 2009;12(1):1-8.https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-12-13
Karkashadze E, Gates MA, Chkhartishvili N, DeHovitz J, Tsertsvadze T. Assessment of quality of life in people living with HIV in Georgia. Int J STD & AIDS. 2017;28(7):672-8.https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416662379
Liping M, Peng X, Haijiang L, Lahong J, Fan L. Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0135705.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135705
Tran BX, Ohinmaa A, Nguyen LT, Oosterhoff P, Vu PX, Vu T Van, et al. Gender differences in quality of life outcomes of HIV/AIDS treatment in the latent feminization of HIV epidemics in Vietnam. AIDS Care. 2012;24(10):1187-96.https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.658752
Starace F, Cafaro L, Abrescia N, Chirianni A, Izzo C, Rucci P, et al. Quality of life assessment in HIV-positive persons: application and validation of the WHOQOL-HIV, Italian version. AIDS Care. 2002;14(3):405-15.https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120220123793a
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Prativa Adhikari, Dipak Prasad Tiwari, Arun Kumar Joshi, Anil Poudyal, Mamata Sharma, Radha Devi Dhakal, Laxmi Ghimire , Sangita Acharya Sharma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
IJMBioS follows the following Terms and License of the manuscript under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) where Author and Journal are can Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material, and it is Non-Commercial.
